Not enough is known about Mormonism and its origins. More needs to be known about the history of a church that wields considerable clout behind the scenes in those parts of the US where it has the most influence. Scrutiny is also timely given that America's best known Mormon, Mitt Romney, is setting his sights on the White House.
The early beginnings of the Church of Jesus Christ and the Latter Day Saints, was the result of a 'revelation' that Joseph Smith jr claimed he had experienced.
Smith's itinerant family hailed from Vermont and New Hampshire. They have been described in some accounts as "drifters." The mother was a religious fanatic whose spiritual obsessions helped mold the sense of mission that drove her son to present himself as a prophet.
In his book
"Saints, Sinners and Reformers: The Burned-Over District Re-Visited" John H. Martin exposes the deceit that lay behind The Book of Mormon.
Martin describes the activities of the Smith family when they ended up in New York state.
The family eventually ended in west-central New York State in Palmyra in 1816 when Joseph was ten, an area of the Burned-Over District which had the usual fairly high level of superstition. One of these superstitions concerned glass-like stones which existed in the area, and these were called "magic" or "peek" stones. The father and the boys spent much of their time with dowsing rods and "peek stones" which they believed could locate buried or stolen treasures.
We get a glimpse into the early life and circumstances of the young Joseph.
Joseph thus had little schooling since all in the family had to help in their economic survival. He could read easily, but his writing was halting and not truly of a literate standard. He had only the rudiments of arithmetic. He was often the but of practical jokes in the neighborhood since others considered him as not quite bright. As a result he compensated with fanciful claims to powers and wealth which others did not have.
Historical records have been found that provide details of the arrests of Joseph Smith in the 1820's. The arrest warrants cover court transcripts, legal bills and Smith's involvement in 'glass looking,' treasure seeking and disorderly conduct.
The so-called 'glass looking' he engaged in was part of Smith's ongoing obsession with the superstitious side of life. It extended also to a fascination with phantoms of his imagination that helped pave the way for the Book of Mormon - a tome described by Mark Twain as "chloroform in print."
Smith was given to stating fantastical 'truths' as though plain fact. In an 1892 LDS publication, an article titled "The Inhabitants of the Moon" by Oliver B. Huntington, informs us that:
As far back as 1837, I know that he (Smith) said the moon was inhabited by men and women the same as this earth, and that they lived to a greater age than we do -- that they live generally to near the age of 1000 years.
He described the men as averaging near six feet in height, and dressing quite uniformly in something near the Quaker style. "In my Patriarchal blessing, given by the father of Joseph the Prophet, in Kirtland, 1837, I was told that I should preach the gospel before I was 21 years of age; that I should preach the gospel to the inhabitants upon the islands of the sea, and to the inhabitants of the moon, even the planet you can now behold with your eyes.
(The Young Woman's Journal, published by the Young Ladies' Mutual Improvement Associations of Zion, 1892, vol. 3, pp. 263-64).
The comical lunacy of Joseph Smith is only matched by the absurdities of Brigham Young, who when not preoccupied with his extensive 'harem' found the time to say this about the sun and moon:
Who can tell us of the inhabitants of this little planet that shines of an evening, called the moon?...when you inquire about the inhabitants of that sphere you find that the most learned are as ignorant in regard to them as the ignorant of their fellows. So it is in regard to the inhabitants of the sun. Do you think it is inhabited? I rather think it is. Do you think there is any life there? No question of it; it was not made in vain.
Smith's fabrications were driven by the will-to-power, a lust for wealth and the need to acquire influence over women. Prior to his murder in Illinois, he was reputedly 'sealed' to 33 women.
Efforts have been made by the church to rehabilitate Smith's image but I'm not sure there is enough whitewash to redeem him, except in the eyes of those who have a vested interest in promoting his legend.
But back to the Book of Mormon - the biggest con job of all.
On September 22, 1827, a figment of Smith's imagination named the angel Moroni, told him to head over to a hill in Palmyra, New York, where he was told he would find a 'Bible of the New World.'
Smith claimed that when he set to work on the Palmyra hill he dug up golden plates in a stone box. On these plates the barely literate Smith identified what he described as "hieroglyphics" of the Reformed Egyptian language. In an amazing coincidence, the plates came with two crystals named "Urim" and "Thummen" that believe it or not were set in silver to form ... a pair of spectacles. These magical specs were ostensibly used by the con artist to 'read' the hieroglyphics.
It gets even funnier. Over the next two years, Smith worked behind a curtain translating the "hieroglyphics" while credulous followers acting as assistants wrote down his words. One of the scribblers, a fellow named Martin Harris, provided money for the publication of the tome. When questioned about whether he had actually seen the golden plates behind the curtain - Harris admitted the assistants had only seen them with "the eyes of faith." In other words Smith had run his scam right under the noses of his helpers, taking full advantage of their faith based credulity.
Just so there would be no awkward questions about the plates, Joe's imaginary friend, the angel Moroni, showed up when the task was done to remove the golden plates and crystal glasses forever. How convenient.
Martin does an excellent job of unraveling the eclectic mix of ideas that went into The Book of Mormon:
Actually, the text is a mixture of many strands common at the time. Much of the original text is in the King James Bible style of English, as Joseph would have been familiar with the spoken version of the Bible from church services ... but where it departs from the language of the King James scriptures it is ungrammatical, repetitive, and awkward. It is the language one would expect from one of Smith's educational level. Later revisions of the text by others were to enhance the language, the grammar, and the flow of the text.
In addition, the book reflects the religious ideas and the social activities of the 1820s. Its oaths are close to those of the anti-Masonic movement of the times, and almost every religious concern and error under discussion in the decade of the 1820s can be found here, particularly those ideas of the Campbellite dogma and the perfectionism of the time. The Campbellite doctrines of Protestant Christianity reflect the influence of Sidney Rigdon, one of the most influential of Smith's early converts who had been a Campbellite minister after having been a Baptist and a Disciple minister. The text also reflects aspects of Shakespearean language such as one heard from traveling actors who appeared in New York State towns. The question also arises as to how much of the account is based on an unpublished novel by an eccentric Presbyterian minister, Solomon Spaulding, which details the supposed origins of the American Indians.
It is ironic that a church that has arisen on the back of a web of deceit and engaged extensively in the practice of polygamy is now presenting itself as a champion of conservatism.